{"id":2045,"date":"2017-10-03T01:36:51","date_gmt":"2017-10-03T01:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jjhcsj.com\/?p=2045"},"modified":"2017-11-20T11:43:02","modified_gmt":"2017-11-20T11:43:02","slug":"tieu-chi-danh-gia-cac-diem-den-du-lich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jjhcsj.com\/tieu-chi-danh-gia-cac-diem-den-du-lich\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(VTR) –\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i chung. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111a<\/em>\u00a0d\u1ea1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.\u00a0Crouch v\u00e0 Ritchie<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ti\u00ean phong ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2003, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a\u00a0Crouch v\u00e0 Ritchie (2003)<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra 36 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 5 nh\u00f3m, bao g\u1ed3m: Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, Quy ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Crouch v\u00e0 Ritchie, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Brazil \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a 65 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a du l\u1ecbch v\u00f9ng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(Barbosa et al, 2010). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 13 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m: C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft v\u1ecb du l\u1ecbch, Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0110i\u1ec3m tham quan vui ch\u01a1i, Marketing, Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng, Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00f9ng, M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng, N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kinh doanh, C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn (Competitiveness<\/em>), nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn (Attractiveness<\/em>) c\u0169ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn (thu h\u00fat) c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch tr\u00ean trang web\u00a0TripAdvisor<\/em>, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. Trang web du l\u1ecbch TripAdvisor \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trang web du l\u1ecbch l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 TripAdvisor \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng trang web kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ba ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u tr\u00fa, Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan v\u00e0 vui ch\u01a1i. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tr\u00ean. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i dung, TripAdvisor thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch qua trang web tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi email cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo thang \u0111o t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u00fa, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan v\u00e0 vui ch\u01a1i t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn (trong \u0111\u00f3, 1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m, 5 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc). Trang web s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 TripAdvisor \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo t\u1eebng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho m\u1ecdi x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean trang web TripAdvisor. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch mang t\u00ednh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt cao, th\u00f4ng tin lu\u00f4n m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch do \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trung th\u1ef1c do c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i top 10. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a trang web TripAdvisor ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a\u00a0B\u00f9i v\u00e0 Mai (2012)<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 17 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 5 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 mua s\u1eafm, C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u00fa. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Hu v\u00e0 Ritchie (1993) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201can to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u du l\u1ecbch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t,\u00a0Vengesayi (2003)<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn.\u00a0<\/em>Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, Vengesayi (2003) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

Theo Vengesayi (2003), c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 5 nh\u00f3m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, gi\u1eef h\u1ecd l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201ck\u00e9o\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 g\u1ed3m l\u01b0u tr\u00fa, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng giao th\u00f4ng, vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. Crouch v\u00e0 Ritchie (2003) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y khi cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi h\u1ecd \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c.M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 an ninh an to\u00e0n, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c,\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00ec m\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0nh Du l\u1ecbch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m gia t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(Competitiveness) v\u00e0\u00a0\u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat\u201d\u00a0<\/em>(Attractiveness)\u00a0(<\/em>Buhalis, 2001, 2000; Formica, 2001). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Barbosa et al. (2010):\u00a0\u201cCompetitiveness of tourist destinations: The study of 65 key destinations for the development of regional tourism\u201d,\u00a0<\/em>Rap \u2013 Rio de Janeiro, 44(5), pp. 1067-95;<\/p>\n

2. Buhalis, D (2001):\u00a0“Tourism in Greece: Strategic Analysis and Challenges<\/em>\u201d<\/em>, Current Issues in Tourism, 4 (3), 440-80;<\/p>\n

3. B\u00f9i, T. v\u00e0 Mai, Q. (2012):\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn Hu\u1ebf\u201d,\u00a0<\/em>T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, t\u1eadp 72B, s\u1ed1 3 (2012);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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